The First World War was an unprecedented catastrophe that obliterate millions and limit the continent of Europe on the path to further calamity two decades after . But it did n’t come out of nowhere . With the centenary of the outbreak of hostility coming up in August , Erik Sass will be looking back at the lead - up to the war , when seemingly small-scale moments of friction accumulated until the situation was ready to irrupt . He ’ll be cover those events 100 years after they occurred . This is the 101st installment in the series .
17 April 2025: Russian Tsar Vows “We Shall Do Everything” for Serbia
“ Greet the King for me and tell him , ‘ For Serbia we shall do everything . ’ ” Although neither man could have it away it at the sentence , Tsar Nicholas II ’s leave-taking words to Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pašić on February 2 , 1914 , with a subject matter for Serbia ’s King Peter , foretell the monumental sacrifice Russia was about to make on behalf of her Slavonic cousins exactly six months later .
Pašić and Serbia ’s Crown Prince Alexander had come to St. Petersburg to discuss foreign insurance policy , reaffirm Serbia ’s commitment to its great Slavic frequenter , and maybe even work a new connection with the Russian royal kinfolk through wedding . Pašić , an older solon , did most of the talking on the Serbian side , and left a elaborated invoice of their meeting with the tsar and his ministers .
Ironically , Pašić ’s main talking point was Serbia ’s desire for heartsease to reconstruct her enduringness after the exhaustingBalkan Wars — but he also hinted that this period of peace was n’t hold up to last eternally . Indeed , Serbia needed to rearm as fast as possible to fit the looming scourge from Bulgaria and Austria , nowalliedagainst her .
Pašić hark back : “ I led the conversation around to a discussion of Austria ’s delivery of arms to Bulgaria … the Tsar add that Germany too was supporting Bulgaria . I tap him that Russia should likewise help us , and that out of her magazines she should hand over to us 120,000 rifle and munitions and some few cannon , particularly howitzer , if they could give up them … And here I took occasion to tell the Tsar how pleased we were that Russia had gird herself so thoroughly ; it gave us a feeling of protection … ” The Tsar promised to avail Serbia at some point in time , but could n’t guarantee anything in the near term , since Russia ’s war industries were fully occupied supply its own militaryneeds .
Next they hash out the situation with Austria - Hungary where , allot to Pašić , six million South Slavs longed to be join with their brothers in Serbia : “ I then told the Tsar how great a change in sentiment had taken place among the Slavs of Austria - Hungary … [ who ] now comprehended that … salvation could come to them only from Russia or Serbia , and that they could scarcely await the opportunity to see their desire execute . ” Fittingly Pašić then segued into state of war , telling the tsar that Serbia would be able to field half a million troop in the next Balkan conflict . Nicholas II appeared impressed , remarking , “ one can go a smashing way with that . ”
at long last Pašić broached the subject of a purple marriage between Crown Prince Alexander and one of the Tsar ’s daughters , which would cement the human relationship between the two countries as well as strengthen the position of the Serbian monarch at base . There was plentitude of precedent for such a connection : The tsar ’s first first cousin once take away ( sometimes referred to as his uncle ) , the Grand Duke Nicholas , had married a Montenegrin princess , Anastasia Nikolaevna . However , the czar , who apparently embrace Victorian romantic belief , merely smile and say he let his children prefer their spouse for themselves .
All this talk of Slavic unity and military preparations , along with the czar ’s striking parting words , might seem to suggest that Russia and Serbia were anticipating war and Russia , by promising categoric musical accompaniment , was much promote Serbia to come down the conflict . But as usual the truth was a bit more complicated . Neither Pašić nor the Tsar want war , at least not in the good future ; the problem was they were n’t fully in ascendancy .
For one thing , neither authorities could actually present a coherent foreign insurance policy , as both had to fight with rival factions at home . In the case of Serbia , Pašić — the head of a moderate civilian government — was front off with the military ’s ultranationalist spymaster , Dragutin Dimitrijević ( codenameApis ) , who was plotting a coup as well as organizing theconspiracyto assassinate Franz Ferdinand . Where Pašić desire to pacify Austria - Hungary in the near terminal figure , Dimitrijević call for ceaseless agitation and subversion among the empire ’s South Slavs ; it ’s unlikely that Pašić had any cognition of the conspiracy at this point .
Russia was similarly divide between moderates and radicals : while the tsar himself was peacefully inclined , he and his ministers were under growing force per unit area from “ pan - Slav ” ideologues whoaccusedthem of sell out their Slavonic cousin-german in Serbia during the Balkan Wars . The pan - Slavs were a powerful force shaping Russian public belief , and had to be mind , leave in an inconsistent foreign policy . Thus Foreign Minister Sergei Sazonov , a moderate , was forced to appoint a basal pan - Slav , Baron Nicholas Hartwig , as Russian embassador to Serbia — and while Sazonov often expressed aggravation with the Serbs , vowing to give them to fend for themselves the next time they got into a jam , Hartwig consistently sent the opposite message , egging them on in their conflict with Austria - Hungary ; in December 1913 he told his hosts in Belgrade that Serbia would be Russia ’s “ instrument ” to “ destroy ” Austria - Hungary .
Just six months later the radicals would thrust Serbia and Russia into a opposition with Austria - Hungary much preferably than the moderates could have foreseen — and then Russia would have no choice but to fulfill the tzar ’s parting promise to the Serbs .
See theprevious installmentorall entries .
