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scientist have discover a mysterious population ofpreviously unknown cellslurking in the human body , according to a raw study .
The puzzling new cell character , forebode resistant cell X , is a changeling that can act as two other electric cell type . And this rogue hybrid cell may triggertype 1 diabetes .
Scientists have long believe that hybrid mobile phone like these could not exist . The universe of these cells is likely tiny ; perhaps less than 7 out of every 10,000 white blood cells , say study co - author Abdel - Rahim A. Hamad , associate prof of pathology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore .
But they may wager an outsize use in the development of autoimmunity .
" They are very rare , but we think they are very powerful , " Hamad narrate Live Science .
Related:11 Surprising Facts About the Immune System
Immune cascade
unremarkably , white bloodline cellspatrol the eubstance , accept foreign invaders such as bacteria or virus . After digesting these invaders into diminutive fragments , the white blood mobile phone display one of these digested sherd , or the antigen , on its cubicle surface .
Two types of white blood jail cell — B and T cells — are incredibly powerful tools in the resistant system ’s armoury . B cells zigzag out billions of personalised antibody , which uniquely bind to specific antigen . Killer T cells demolish cell that expose specific antigens , and both B and triiodothyronine cadre can activate each other , creating a powerful feedback loop-the-loop .
cardinal to all these processes is a limited protein found on the outer control surface of immune cells , call themajor histocompatibility complex(MHC ) , which is where the antigen pier . B cellphone bind the antigen to the MHC , and sense organ on thymine cells then oblige this MHC - antigen composite and trip the T cell .
In autoimmune disease , this unconscious process gets corrupted , and the body ’s own cells are false for foreign enemies . In case 1 diabetes , the immune system relentlessly destroys beta cells in the pancreas that make the hormone insulin . Without insulin , the body can not use the vim in food , and a person will finally die .
But what initially trip this attempt , and how does it become unstoppable ? Past work suggested that the consistency somehow see the insulin atom itself as extraneous , and that triggers type 1 diabetes . And people at high risk of the disease often make slightly dissimilar version of the MHC proteins .
But that was a mystifier , becauseinsulindoesn’t bind well to these high - risk versions of the MHC , which means it theoretically should n’t spark a strong autoimmune tone-beginning , Hamad said .
Powerful immune trigger
In the new cogitation , published in thejournal Cell , Hamad and his colleagues found a likely perpetrator . Using blood sample from both healthy people and those with type 1 diabetes as well as calculator simulation of B and T cells , the team find the world of an " cristal cell " that has receptors of both barn cells and T cell .
The X cell seems to be an ultrapowerful driver of autoimmunity . The X - cell churned out antibodies that powerfully trigger T cell in sample from people with the high - endangerment MHC . This trip deoxythymidine monophosphate cells that are primed to attack pancreatic genus Beta cadre to start dividing like crazy , Hamad said .
The team found evidence of these so - telephone " ego - reactive " cristal cells in blood line samples from those with type 1 diabetes , but not in healthy controls .
Not the whole story
The finding are interesting , but can"t be the whole story , because there are clearly environmental triggers for case 1 diabetes , said Matthias von Herrath , a film director of the Center for Type 1 Diabetes Research at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology , who was not call for in the subject field .
What ’s more , " We do not know whether there is a individual , specific jail cell responsible for , " von Herrath told Live Science .
To really tone the case for the hug drug cells , follow - up studies should attempt to find these rogue hybrid cells in a specific body part tied to the disease — such as thepancreasor thelymph nodes , von Herrath added . Scientists would also need to know how many of them lurk in the body , he articulate .
And there ’s another possibility : These disco biscuit cell look like both atomic number 5 and thymine cellphone because they actually are those two cell , and not a new , ultrapowerful electric cell type at all .
scientist would want dual - check that this X - mobile phone — which seems like one cell with two roles — is not actually two " cellular phone in a tight embracing , " von Herrath said .
That said , the study was carry carefully , with mountain of tests to make certain that was not the typeface , he order .
Even if the rogue hybrid cell is not the whole story behind case 1 diabetes , " even finding one cell of a certain character that would be a master culprit in some cases would be a prominent advance , " von Herrath said .
in the first place publish onLive Science .
